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Before him went pestilence,
    and plague[a] followed in his steps.
He stood and shook the earth;
    he looked and made the nations tremble.
Ancient mountains were shattered,
    the age-old hills bowed low,
    age-old orbits[b] collapsed.

The tents of Cushan trembled,
    the pavilions of the land of Midian.[c]

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Footnotes

  1. 3:5 Pestilence…plague: these may be figures who are part of the heavenly armies God leads into battle.
  2. 3:6 Age-old orbits: the regular paths through the skies of heavenly bodies are disrupted at the appearance of the divine warrior, as are the ancient mountains on earth. Such cosmic disruption is typical of divine appearances (Ps 18:8; Na 1:5).
  3. 3:7 Cushan…Midian: the inhabitants of the area southeast of Judah where the divine march originates (Teman, Mount Paran), who are shaken, together with the cosmos, at God’s appearance.